Order Poales

Family Typhaceae Juss. (including Sparganiaceae Rudolphi)

Genus Sparganium L. – Bur-reed

• Sparganium hyperboreum Laest. ex Beurl. – Northern Bur-Reed - Perennial. In a pool on the WSBS power line swath. (+)(#)
• Sparganium minimum Wallr. – small bur-reed - Perennial. In hollows along mixtures of ombrotrophic and minerotrophic bogs, in brook and lake water, rare.
• In a small lake on flat seashore rocks (above the tide level) on the Kastyan island was reported S. angustifolium Michx. – narrowleaf bur-reed (Perennial.).

Family Juncaceae Juss. – Rush family

Genus Juncus L. – Rush

• Juncus alpino-articulatus Chaix (J. alpinus Vill.) – Northern Green Rush, Alpine Rush - Perennial. Disturbed habitats, ditches at the WSBS settlement. (+)($)
• Juncus ambiguus Guss. – Seaside Rush, Doubtful Toad-rush - Annual. Silty upper littoral; rare.
• Juncus atrofuscus Rupr. – Perennial. Upper littoral and seashore meadows on flat shores; common.
• Juncus bufonius L. s. str. – Toad rush - Annual. Wet areas along roads at the WSBS settlement. (+)
• (Juncus effusus L. – Common Rush, Soft Rush - Perennial. Seen in 1964, on damp peat soil at the road near the WSBS settlement. +)(#)
• Juncus filiformis L. – Thread Rush - Perennial. Bog edges, wet forests, on wet bare soil; often.
• Juncus nodulosus Wahl. – Perennial. Collected once in the road rut near the WSBS settlement; can be found also in natural communities, particularly on little bogs near brooks.
• Juncus stygius L. – Moor Rush - Perennial. In hollows on bogs; often.

Genus Luzula DC. – Wood-rush

• Luzula frigida (Buchenau) Sam. – Cold wood-rush. Square 6: a road on the northern slope of the ridge. Perhaps is more common.
• L. multiflora (Retz.) Lej. s. str. – Heath Wood-rush - Perennial. Listed for the Kindo peninsula, but the samples, identified as L. Multiflora, belong partially to L. sudetica, and partially to L. frigida. Though, findings of this species in the WSBS settlement vicinity should not be impossible.
• Luzula pallidula Kirschn. [L. pallescens (Wahl.) Bess.] – Fen Wood-rush, Eurasian Wood-rush - Perennial. Upland meadows; rare. (+)
• Luzula pilosa (L.) Willd. – Hairy Wood-rush - Perennial. Wet forests; common.
• Luzula sudetica (Willd.) Schult. – Common woodrush - Perennial. Bog edges, wet forests, glades, along the WSBS power line swath; rare.

Family Cyperaceae Juss. – Sedge family

Genus Blysmus Schult. – bulrush

• Blysmus rufus (Huds.) Link – Red Bulrush - Perennial. Wet seashore meadows; often.

Genus Carex L. – sedge

• Carex acuta L. – Acute Sedge, Slender Tufted-sedge, Slim Sedge - Perennial. In boggy forests and bushes; rare.
• Carex aquatilis Wahl. (C. stans Drej.) – Water sedge, Leafy tussock sedge - Perennial. In sphagnum bogs, along damp and boggy sea coasts – common; in damp and boggy forests – rare.
• Carex brunnescens (Pers.) Poir. – Brownish sedge - Perennial. In moss pads on coastal rocks; often.
• Carex buxbaumii Wahl. s. str. – Buxbaum's sedge - Perennial. Grassy bogs, damp spruce forests, boggy meadows; rare.
• Carex canescens L. (C. cinerea Poll.) – Hoary sedge - Perennial. Wet forests, bogs, boggy meadows, banks of brooks, coastal rocks; often.
• C. capillaris L. – Hairlike sedge (Perennial.) and C. capitata L. – Capitate sedge - (Perennial.) reported near the Kindo peninsula, in tundra-like habitats on coastal rocks on the Kastyan island.
• C. cespitosa L. – О. дернистая. Perennial. Listed for the Kindo peninsula, but all samples identified as C. cespitosa, should be identified as C. juncella. Findings of the C. cespitosa on the Kindo peninsula should not be considered impossible, as the species is reliably known from the Velikiy island.
• Carex chordorrhiza Ehrh. – Creeping sedge - Perennial. Sphagnum bogs, common.
• Carex diandra Schrank – Lesser panicled sedge - Perennial. On quaking bog parts arount the Ershovskie lakes and in boggy birch forests on the shores of these lakes; quite often.
• Carex dioica L. – Dioecious Sedge - Perennial. Sphagnum bogs, marshy forests; common.
• Carex disperma Dew. – Softleaf sedge - Perennial. Wet and marshy forests, near brooks; very rare.
• Carex echinata Murr. – Little prickly sedge - Perennial. Only on the bog near the Verkhneye Ershovskoe lake.
• Carex flava L. – Yellow sedge - Perennial. Wet and marshy forests, bogs, near brooks; often.
• Carex glareosa Wahl. – Weak-cluster sedge - Perennial. Upper littoral; often.
• Carex globularis L. – Perennial. Wet forests and forest bogs; common.
• Carex juncella (E. Fries) Th. Fries – Perennial. Wet forests, boggy lake shores, near brooks; often.
• Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. – Slender sedge - Perennial. Sphagnum bogs and boggy lake shores; common.
• Carex leporina L. (C. ovalis Good.) – Oval sedge, Eggbract sedge - Perennial. Damp meadows, on forest roads, on wet bare soil; rare.
• Carex limosa L. – Mud sedge, Shore sedge - Perennial. In hollows on bogs, on quaking bog parts around the Ershovskie lakes; quite often.
• Carex livida (Wahl.) Willd. – Livid sedge - Perennial. Mixtures of ombrotrophic and minerotrophic bogs; rare, in some places abundant.
• Carex loliacea L. – Rye-grass sedge - Perennial. Wet and marshy forests; quite often.
• Carex mackenziei V. Krecz. – MacKenzie's sedge - Perennial. Upper littoral, wet seashore meadows, brackish-water bogs along the sea coast; common.
• Carex magellanica Lam. [C. irrigua (Wahl.) Smith ex Hoppe] – Boreal bog sedge - Perennial. Sphagnum bogs, in moss turfs on coastal rocks; often.
• Carex nigra (L.) Reichard – Black sedge - Perennial. On wet meadows near the Ermolinskaya Inlet; rare.
• Carex paleacea Wahl. – Chaffy sedge - Perennial. Wet sea coasts in the supralittoral zone; rare.
• Carex pallescens L. – Pale sedge - Perennial. Several plants were found in a birch forest along the seashore in the Ermolinskaya Inlet. It is difficult to say, whether the emergence of this species is due to human activity.
• Carex panicea L. – Carnation Sedge - Perennial. Mixtures of ombrotrophic and minerotrophic bogs, near brooks; quite often.
• Carex pauciflora Lightf. – Few-flower sedge - Perennial. Sphagnum bogs, marshy forests; common.
• Carex rariflora (Wahl.) Smith – Few-flower sedge - Perennial. In hollows on bogs, in moss pads on coastal rocks; common.
• Carex recta Boott – Saltmarsh sedge - Perennial. Sea coasts in the supralittoral zone; often.
• Carex rostrata Stokes – Beaked sedge - Perennial. On sphagnum and lake-edge bogs; common.
• Carex subspathacea Wormsk. ex Hornem. – Hoppner's sedge - Perennial. Sea coasts: supralittoral and upper littoral; often.
• C. tenuiflora Wahl. – Sparseflower sedge - Perennial. Found near the Kindo peninsula, near the trail to the Chernaya Rechka village, in a boggy forest along the brook.
• Carex vaginata Tausch – Sheathed sedge - Perennial. Wet and marshy forests, bog edges; often.
• Carex vesicaria L. – Inflated sedge - Perennial. Sedge bogs; rare.
• Carex viridula Michx. (C. serotina Mérat, C. oederi auct.) – Little green sedge - Perennial. Reported near the Kindo peninsula, in tundra-like habitats. On coastal rocks of the Kastyan island.

Genus Eleocharis R.Br. – spikerushes, spikesedges

• Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. et Schult. s. l. [E. lindbergii (Strandhede) Tzvel.] – Common Spike-rush, Creeping Spike-rush, Marsh Spike-rush - Perennial. Seashore meadows; rare.
• Eleocharis uniglumis (Link) Schult. s. l. (E. septentrionalis Zinserl.) – Slender spike rush - Perennial. Upper littoral (mostly silty), wet seashore meadows; common.

Genus Eriophorum L. – Cottongrass, Cotton-grass, Cottonsedge

• Eriophorum latifolium Hoppe – Broad-leaved Cottongrass - Perennial. Bogs (particularly valley bogs), near brooks; often.
• Eriophorum polystachyon L. – Common Cottongrass - Perennial. Bogs, marshy forests; often. The listing of E. gracile Koch for the Kindo peninsula should be identified as this species.
• Eriophorum scheuchzeri Hoppe – White Cottongrass - Perennial. In the 60's never found, but soon emerged along the WSBS power line swath, and in the pit of the artificial lake («Bulldozero») of the WSBS settlement. (+)($)

Eriophorum vaginatum L. – Hare's-tail Cottongrass, Tussock Cottongrass, Sheathed Cottonsedge - Perennial. Sphagnum bogs, marshy forests; common. Genus Rhynchospora Vahl – Beakrush

• Rhynospora alba (L.) Vahl – White beakrush - Perennial. In hollows on mixtures of ombrotrophic and minerotrophic bogs; often.

Genus Schoenus L.

• Schoenus ferrugineus L. – Brown Bog-rush - Perennial. Only on mixtures of ombrotrophic and minerotrophic bogs in the square 18. (#)

Genus Trichophorum Pers.

• Trichophorum alpinum (L.) Pers. [Baeothryon alpinum (L.) Egor.] – Alpine cottongrass - Perennial. Sphagnum bogs, boggy sea coasts; common.
• Trichophorum caespitosum (L.) Hartm. [T. bracteatum (Bigel.) V. Krecz. ex Czernov, Kreczetowiczia caespitosa (L.) Tzvel., Baeothryon caespitosum (L.) A. Dietr.] – Tufted clubrush, Tufted bulrush - Perennial. Mixtures of ombrotrophic and minerotrophic bogs – common; often – in boggy pineries.

Family Gramineae Juss. (Poaceae Barnhart) – Grasses

Genus Agrostis L. – Bentgrass

• Agrostis borealis Hartm. – Northern bentgrass, Arctic bentgrass - Perennial. Disturbed habitats of the WSBS settlement. (+)(#)
• Agrostis canina L. – Velvet Bent - Perennial. Wet meadows, near brooks, on bare soil; rare.
• Agrostis capillaris L. (A. tenuis Sibth.) – Common Bent; Browntop - Perennial. Upland meadows, dry forests – often; rare – along the sea coast.
• Agrostis gigantea Roth (A. alba auct. p. p. non L., A. stolonifera L. p. p.) – Black Bent; Redtop - Perennial. Supralittoral, abundant on sandy soil; common.
• Agrostis straminea Hartm. [A. stolonifera subsp. straminea (Hartm.) Tzvel., A. maritima auct. non Lam.] – Creeping Bent - Perennial. Sea coasts; common.

Genus Alopecurus L. – Foxtail Grass Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir. – Creeping meadow foxtail, Creeping foxtail - Perennial. Supralittoral; common and dominant.

• Alopecurus pratensis L. – Meadow Foxtail, Field Meadow Foxtail - Perennial. On an upland meadow near the Verkhneye Ershovskoe lake. (+)

Genus Anthoxanthum L. – Vernal grasses

• Anthoxanthum alpinum Á. et D. Löve [A. odoratum L. subsp. alpinum (Á. et D. Löve) B. Jones et Meld.] – Alpine vernalgrass, Alpine sweetgrass - Perennial. Upland meadows; often. Report for the Kindo peninsula on A. odoratum should be identified as this species.

Genus Avena L. – Oats

• Avena sativa L. – Common oat - Annual. Reported near the stable of the WSBS settlement. (+)($)

Genus Avenella Drej. – Hair grass, Tussock grass

• Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drej. [Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin., Lerchenfeldia flexuosa (L.) Drej.] – Wavy Hair-grass - Perennial. Forests, meadows, bogs, rocks; common.

Genus Bromopsis Fourr. – Brome

• Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub (Bromus inermis Leyss.) – Hungarian Brome - Perennial. Upland meadows near the Verkhneye Ershovskoe lake.

Genus Briza L. – quaking grasses

• Briza media L. – Common Quaking Grass - Perennial. In the willow bushes along the coast of the Ermolinskaya Inlet. It is difficult to say, whether the emergence of this species is due to human activity.

Genus Calamagrostis Adans. – Small-reed, Reedgrass

• Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth – Rough Small-reed - Perennial. Wet motley grass birch forests. Very rare.
• Calamagrostis canescens (Web.) Roth (C. lanceolata Roth) – Purple Small-reed - Perennial. In wet forests and bogs; rare.
• Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth – Wood Small-reed, Bushgrass, Reed Bent - Perennial. In damp bushes, near brooks; very rare.
• Calamagrostis lapponica (Wahl.) Hartm. – Lapland Reedgrass - Perennial. Sea coasts, bogs, wet forests, upland meadows, rare. The species is not clearly distinct from C. neglecta.
• Calamagrostis obtusata Trin. – Perennial. One turf in a damp birch forest near destroyed barracks on the shore of the Verkhneye Ershovskoe lake. The main natural habitat of the species is the Far Eastern Russia, Siberia, and Northeast European Russia. (+)
• Calamagrostis purpurea (Trin.) Trin. s. l. [C. langsdorffii (Link) Trin.] – Scandinavian Small-reed - Perennial. In wet forests, on bogs, along roads, in disturbed habitats; common.
• Сalamagrostis neglecta (Ehrh.) Gaertn., Mey. et Scherb. s. l. – Perennial. Supralittoral, seashore wet rocks, bogs and wet meadows; common.

Genus Dactylis L. – cocksfoot grasses.

• Dactylis glomerata L. – Cock's-foot, Orchard grass - Perennial. Upland meadows near the Verkhneye Ershovskoe lake.

Genus Deschampsia Beauv. – hair grass, tussock grass

• Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv. – Tufted Hair-grass, Tussock grass. Perennial. Wet meadows, wet forests, along roads – often; rare – along the sea coast.

Genus Elymus L. – wildrye, wheatgrass

• Elymus caninus (L.) L. [Agropyron caninum (L.) Beauv.] – Bearded Couch - Perennial. Wet motley-grass forests, rare.

Genus Elytrigia Desv.

• Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski [Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.] – Couch grass - Perennial. Supralittoral – common; upland meadows – rare.

Genus Festuca L. – Fescue

• Festuca ovina L. – Sheep's Fescue - Perennial. In forests (particularly in dry pineries) and on rocks; common.
• Festuca rubra L. s. l. (F. arenaria auct., F. cryophila V. Krecz. et Bobr.) – Red Fescue - Perennial. Supralittoral, coastal rocks, upland meadows, forests; common.

Genus Hierochloë R. Br. – sweetgrass

• Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. s. l. – sweet grass, holy grass, vanilla grass - Perennial. Overgrown upland meadows near the Ershovskie lakes. The samples from WSBS were identified by Н. Н. Цвелев as H. arctica C. Presl [H. odorata subsp. arctica (C. Presl) Tzvel.]. It is difficult to say, whether the emergence of this species is due to human activity. (#)

Genus Leymus Hochst. – “wild rye”

• Leymus arenarius (L.) Hochst. (Elymus arenarius L.) – Lyme Grass - Perennial. Supralittoral (particularly sandy and pebble); common. Occasionally found a hybrid х Leymotrigia bergrothii (Lindb. f.) Tzvel. (Leymus arenarius х Elytrigia repens).

Genus Lolium L. – Tares

• Lolium perenne L. – Perennial Ryegrass - Perennial. As a weed at the WSBS settlement; rare. (+)($)

Genus Melica L. – melic, melic grass

• Melica nutans L. – mountain melic; nodding melic - Perennial. Motley grass forests, south- and southwest-facing rocks; often.

Genus Milium L.

• Milium effusum L. – Wood Millet , American milletgrass - Perennial. Wet forests; quite rare.

Genus Molinia Schrank – Molinia, Moor Grass

• Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench – Purple Moor Grass - Perennial. Bogs, marshy forests, near brooks; common.

Genus Nardus L. – matgrass

• Nardus stricta L. – matgrass, moor matgrass, or nard grass - Perennial. Dry and boggy meadows and glades; quite rare.

Genus Phalaroides N. M. Wolf

• Phalaroides arundinacea (L.) Rauschert [Typhoides arundinacea (L.) Moench] – Reed canarygrass - Perennial. Supralittoral – quite often; rare – in boggy meadows and wet birch forests.

Genus Phleum L. – catstail, timothy-grass

• Phleum alpinum L. – Alpine Catstail, Alpine Timothy - Perennial. Upland and boggy meadows, along the sea coast; rare.
• Phleum pratense L. – Timothy-grass - Perennial. Upland meadows near the Ershovskie lakes. (+)

Genus Phragmites Adans. – Reed

• Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud. (Ph. communis Trin.) – Common reed - Perennial. Bogs, flat sea shores; rare, but sometimes grows abundantly.

Genus Poa L. – meadow-grass, bluegrass

• Poa alpina L. – Alpine Meadow-grass - Perennial. Wet coastal rocks, as a rule, south-facing – rare; even rarer – on upland meadows.
• Poa annua L. – Annual Meadow-grass, Annual Bluegrass - Annual, biennial, perennial. Weed near buildings, along roads – often; along the sea coast – rare. (+)
• Poa glauca Vahl – Glaucous Meadow-grass - Perennial. In south-facing rock crevices; quite rare, but on rocks in the Biofiltry Bay is abundant.
• Poa nemoralis L. s. str. – Wood Meadow-grass - Perennial. On south-facing wet rocks, overgrown with forest; rare.
• Poa palustris L. – Swamp Meadow-grass - Perennial. Bog edges, bushes; quite often.
• Poa pratensis L. s. str. – Smooth Meadow-grass - Perennial. Upland meadows, sea coasts, glades; often.
• Poa subcaerulea Smith (P. irriguata Lindm.) – Spreading Meadow-grass - Perennial. Along sea coast, quite often. In wet places along roads of the WSBS settlement there are plants over 70 cm tall, with blue-gray leaves and, particularly, cones, and and large spreading panicles. They are close to P. subcaerulea, but do not correspond to all characteristics of this species.
• Poa tanfiljewii Roshev. – Tanfiliew Meadow-grass. Perennial. In rock crevices; rare.
• Poa trivialis L. – Rough bluegrass, Rough-stalked meadow-grass - Perennial. Weed at the WSBS settlement. (+)

Genus Puccinellia Parl.

• Puccinella capillaris (Liljebl.) Jansen – Perennial. Upper littoral, supralittoral; rare.
• Puccinella coarctata Fern. et Weath. – Perennial. Upper stony littoral and supralittoral, coastal rocks; common.
• Puccinella maritima (Huds.) Parl. – Perennial. Silty upper and middle littoral; often. Blooms quite rarely.
• Puccinella phryganodes (Trin.) Scribn. et Merr. – Creeping Alkaligrass -. Perennial. Silty middle littoral; rare, in some places abundant. Typical for large shallow bays (the Ermolinskaya Inlet and the Kislaya Inlet). Panicle sprouts are not reported in our area.
• Puccinella pulvinata (Fries) V. Krecz. – Perennial. Upper littoral and supralittoral, coastal rocks, quite often.

The species Puccinellia (кроме P. phryganodes) hybridize with each other. P. capillaris, P. Coarctata, and P. pulvinata are very close to one another. Sometimes all three names are regarded as synonims P. distans (L.) Parl. subsp. borealis (Holmb.) W. E. Hughes. P. vaginata (Lange) Fern. et Weath. Listed for the Kindo peninsula mistakenly.

Genus Schedonorus Beauv. – Fescue

• Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) Beauv. (Festuca pratensis Huds.) – Meadow fescue - Perennial. Only among bushes along the shore of the Ermolinskaya Inlet. (+)

rus:Порядок Poales – Злакоцветные